Stages Of Change Model Essays - Public Health, Behavior,

Stages of Change Model I came upon this article in Nutrition Toady Volume 31 #4 from August 1996. Nutrition Today isn^?t quite the magazine you would find me reading, but to tell you the truth this article interested me greatly. The author is a lady who has a nutritional doctorate. This article includes many claims about what it takes physically and mentally to eat right and keep a healthy body weight, but at the same time it proves those claims with many facts. The big question is if dietary behavior change is difficult, how can health and nutrition professionals effectively intervene. The author uses the Stages of Change Model as proposed by Prochaska and Colleagues for addictive behaviors consists of six dynamic stages. The six stages are: Precontemplation, Contemplation, preparation, action maintenance, and termination. Precontemplation is when an individual is not considering making any changes. Contemplation is the time when an individual is aware there is a problem and is considering taking action to resolve it. Preparation refers to the time when an individual commits to taking action sometime within the next 30 days. Action is the busiest time. There are noticeable efforts to change the targeted behavior. Maintenance is the stage when a person tries to stabilize the behavior change and prevent relapse. Termination is the final stage, this occurs when there is zero temptation to revert back to the old behavior. Now the author uses these six stages to relate it to dietary habits and how people can use this process in their lives and make them become aware how to fix their dietary problems and even problems beyond that. In this article the author says, and I quote ^?This model may be useful for nutrition and health professionals in both clinical and community settings. It can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention. As a result of reading this article I became more aware of myself and what to look for when getting into bad habits. I would recommend this article to anybody

The new Age of Science essays

The new Age of Science essays Time is passing by us and new scientists are developing new theories and ideas. New discoveries are being made on the atom that show it is more complex than anyone expected. One of the well known Polish-born French scientists is Marie Curie. She is presently experimenting with radioactivity and has found that the atoms of certain elements, such as radium and uranium spontaneously release charged particles. As she and other scientists study radioactivity further, they are proving that atoms are not solid and invisible. She has won two Nobel peace prizes, one in physics and one in chemistry. Her fame is growing worldwide and she is one of the most respected scientists today. German-Born Physicist Albert Einstein is expanding his theories of relativity. To date, Einstein is debating that measurements of space, are not absolute, but are determined by many factors. Some of us believe that he may be wrong in what he says, some believe he is absolutely correct. With his brilliance , he is developing equations such as E=mc (energy equals mass times the speed of light squared.) His books are currently being published and are cathcing. Einstein is even debating the laws of Newton. Many people and scientists say that he is a complete genius and that we can expect big things from him in the future. All in all science is changing rapidly and is much different than we have seen before. We can expect to see great things, not only from Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, but other new and rising scientists. ...

3 Cases of Missing Parenthetical Punctuation

3 Cases of Missing Parenthetical Punctuation 3 Cases of Missing Parenthetical Punctuation 3 Cases of Missing Parenthetical Punctuation By Mark Nichol In each of the following examples, a complementary comma that provides closure for a parenthetical phrase is missing. Discussion after each sentence explains the problem, and a revision demonstrates the solution. 1. A-list actors, including Scarlett Johansson, Idris Elba, and Bill Murray provide the voices for CGI characters. If the sentence began with the actors’ names and was a simple statement of identification, only the commas after the first and second names would be required. But because the names, preceded by the organizational signal word including, are parenthetical to the main clause, â€Å"A-list actors provide the voices for CGI characters,† providing examples rather than constituting a comprehensive list, a comma must follow Bill Murray’s name to complement the comma after actors: â€Å"A-list actors, including Scarlett Johansson, Idris Elba, and Bill Murray, provide the voices for CGI characters.† 2. Despite Jones’s busy schedule, Smith said that he always found time for her. Smith does not say something in spite of Jones’s busy schedule; â€Å"Smith said† is parenthetical to the main clause, â€Å"Despite Jones’s busy schedule, he always found time for her,† so it should be bracketed by two commas: â€Å"Despite Jones’s busy schedule, Smith said, he always found time for her.† 3. If he got lost, Jones was told a search party would not be sent to rescue him. The sentence suggests, with an apparently tangled tense construction, that if â€Å"he† were to get lost, he would be informed that no search party would be sent to rescue him. But what is meant is that he was told that if he got lost, no rescue effort would ensue. â€Å"Jones was told† is parenthetical to the statement, just as â€Å"Smith said† is parenthetical in the previous example, so it must be set off from the main clause by commas before and after the phrase: â€Å"If he got lost, Jones was told, a search party would not be sent to rescue him.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†50 Types of PropagandaWhen to Spell Out Numbers

What are the factors that influence effective discharge from hospital Literature review

What are the factors that influence effective discharge from hospital of older people - Literature review Example The discussion aimed at analysing and investigating factors that influence effective discharge from hospital of older people. For this purpose, literature analysis pertaining to the research topic was conducted. After filtering more than 500 research papers of the period 2008-13; a total of 15-20 were selected with the criteria of focusing on the strategies related to the effective discharge of older people. Based on the results, it was found that effective discharge of older people depends on a number of internal and external factors. In this regard, system and healthcare environment, patients’’ knowledge, social factors, healthcare policies, effective communication, and planned policies play an important and decisive role. Additionally, it was found that hospitals need to focus more on understanding the needs and demands of older people and accordingly planning the assessment and discharge policies leading to mutual value. Finally, it was concluded that effective disc harge policies require proper planning, transparent assessment, and effective policies and communication for creating better results. Exclusion criteria were kept simple and precise and thus, articles, research papers, journals, and irrelevant academic books were excluded from the selection criteria. Articles accused of duplication and offering little understanding over the research topic were also not included. Additionally, studies conducted outside the UK and Western countries were also not included in the assessment and analysis process. Articles adding little value in terms of offering information on discharge policies of hospitals were excluded. Information through conferences and other proceedings were not used for the assessment process. 20 Stuen believed that effective discharge is a process used to decide the requirements of patients in terms of moving from one stage to another. In the healthcare industry, effective discharge of

Maryland sexual predators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maryland sexual predators - Essay Example In terms of the overall law, Maryland requires that sexual offenders that are going to live and work in the state register with the state and local government. Every year then, Maryland classifies the sexual predators along four classification lines: sexually violent predators, sexually violent offenders, child sexual offenders; and offenders. The most serious offenders, which are the majority of offenders in the first three categories, must register for life, and the rest must do so for ten years. In considering these regulations on registry, I personally support the institution of these statutes as they provide significant warning to parents and children of the threats that might be surrounding them. While it does open the offenders to social ostracism, it’s clear that these regulations are necessary to reduce and prevent these sexual offenses from occurring again. While the Maryland laws require adult sexual offenders to face these registry issues, the penalties for juvenile sexual offenders alters these laws. Kahn & Lafond (2006) detail Maryland’s complex punitive and treatment mechanisms for the adolescent sexual offenders. In these regards, the state indicates that generally juvenile sexual offenders are given more leniency than adult offenders in terms of punishment. In addition, juvenile offenders are required to undergo stringent rehabilitation mechanisms that target the individual’s dysfunctions and work to prepare them for entrance back into society. Within Maryland there are a great degree of sexual laws that vary in stringency, as a direct relation to the extent of the crime. For instance, statute 464B an individual is convicted in the third degree if a number of elements are committed (Maryland 464b’). The most notable of these elements includes the occurrence of sexual contact within another person against the ir will. The offender implements a weapon in the

The Design of Taipei 101 Essay -- Structural Design

Stiffness and comfort (steel outrigger trusses) The 101 story building, 500 meters high Taipei 101 is located in Taipei, Taiwan. Taipei 101 is the pride and identity of the people of Taiwan. The building represents â€Å"concept of striving for beyond perfection† (Taipei 101 anon 2005) as it outsmarts nature with its technological features. 101 building achieved a remarkable world record for the highest building in 2004 with 101 floors hence the name Taipei 101. Designing and building the 101 building was very challenging and rewarding, as it is located in one of the most hostile places in the world. The tall building is located in Taiwan, which is constantly under attack by Mother Nature, earthquake potential and typhoon winds are just common problem which the architect, C. Y. Lee & Partners, and the structural engineers Thornton Tomasetti Inc needed to solve. The engineers of the Taipei 101 made the impossible possible (Shieh et al n.d). The initial plan was to make three building with 60 storeys building in centre, but t he 60 building soon turned into 101 storey single tower building to meet investor’s demand. In order to be the most unique skyscraper in the world Taipei 101 building represents its culture (Taipei 101 Binder, 2008). In this part of the essay we are going to investigate about how is stiffness and comfort maintained in Taipei 101, we’ll be looking in depth some of the features of Taipei 101 that work together to provide stiffness and comfort. Firstly we will be looking at the stiffness and then move on to comfort features. How is Stiffness and comfort maintained by Taipei 101? To provide comfort the 101 building has to deal against the nature. Taipei 101 is located in a hazard prone environment. Typhoon and ... ...tlUvYTVMMmicsorE9tDlv1VgdZWCJDAKPfx3AOTuaIEUkm4piLesN_8NVrM131TbT8wyyRQ_0MIcIx7yVN5ho3D9NbHoZjiAx477&sig=AHIEtbQNaZZ1eKBA82LxMn_p6RZZMKxmvA&pli=1 (accessed 3.4.11) †¢ Anon. what are steel moment frames? (N.d). [online]. Available from: http://www.propertyrisk.com/refcentr/steel-side.htm (accessed 03.04.11) †¢ Brooks. C., Huff .I. The effect of high altitude or relative humidity. (2006). [online] available from: http://www.physics.umt.edu/borealis/RH%20Lab%20Report_06.pdf. (Accessed: 03.04.11). †¢ Anon, Taipei 101 expected to receive LEED platinum certification( 2010).[online]. Available from: http://www.taipei-101.com.tw/NEWSV/en/news_in.aspx?News_Sn=24 (accessed 03.04.11). †¢ Mizuguchi.h., nakagwa.t. and fujita.y. breaking the 1000mom barrier. (2005). [online]. Available from: http://www.elevator-world.com/magazine/PDF/sept05/sept05.pdf (accessed 03.04.11)

Factors that affect enzyme activity

Since the active site for all molecules of one enzyme will be made up of the same arrangement of amino acids, It has a highly specific shape. Generally, there is only one active site on each enzyme molecule and only one type of substrate molecule will fit into it. This specificity leads to the lock and key hypothesis, Source 1: http:/twwa. s-cool. co. uk/a-level/blology/ biological-molecules-and-enzymes/revise-it/enzymes Source 2: http://cllck4blology. lnfo/c4b?/chem3. 6. htm#one a) Large globular protein enzyme b) Active Site where the substrate combines to the enzyme ) Substrate which fits the active site d) Activated complex.The substrate is weakened to allow the reaction. e) Unchanged enzyme/ re-used at low concentration f) Product of the reaction In my investigation, I will be using the enzyme catalase, which is found in most living organisms. It catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide Into water and oxygen. 2H202 + catalase > 2820 + 02 Catalase dramatically reduces the activation energy needed for the reaction. Without catalase the decomposition would take much longer, and would not be fast enough to sustain human life.Hydrogen peroxide is also a dangerous, very potent by-product of metabolism, so it is essential that it is broken down quickly, otherwise it would cause damage to cells. The activity of an enzyme is affected by its environmental conditions. Changing these will alter the rate of reaction caused by the enzyme. In nature, organisms adjust the conditions of their enzymes to produce an optimum rate of reaction, where necessary, or they may have enzymes which are adapted to function well In extreme conditions where they live.Enzyme Concentration: at low enzyme concentration there is great competition for he active sites and the rate of reaction is low. As the enzyme concentration increases, there are more active sites and the reaction can proceed at a faster rate, for more enzymes will be colliding with substrate molecules. Eventually, i ncreasing tne enzyme concentratlon Deyona a certain polnt nas no erect Decause tne suDstrate concentration becomes the limiting factor.Inquiring upon this factor, it is obvious to anticipate increasing enzyme concentration will also increase rate of reaction based upon contextual knowledge and after casting a certain amount of enzyme oncentration, it will no longer be the limiting factor. If I experiment on this factor, I would perceive my data to resemble the graph below, as it exemplifies how increasing enzyme concentration increases rate of reaction(shown through line climbing) until it becomes the limiting factor and the rate of reaction does not increase(shown through line not climbing).Source 3 :http://alevelnotes. com/Factors- affecting-Enzyme-Activity/146 Substrate Concentration: similar to the enzyme concentration, at low concentrations of substrate there is a low rate of reaction. This is because there are few substrate molecules to react with active sites and therefore li miting the number of reactions happening. Henceforth, increasing the substrate concentration will increase the rate of reaction. This is because more substrate molecules will be colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed.However, after a certain concentration, any increase will have no effect on the rate of reaction, since Substrate Concentration will no longer be the limiting factor. The enzymes will effectively become saturated, and will be working at their maximum possible rate. If I was to investigate this factor, I would predict the rate of reaction will increase as substrate concentration increases, until a certain concentration is added when the substrate molecules are in excess resulting in enzyme saturation.The graph (below) demonstrates my prediction. Source 3 :http://alevelnotes. com/Factors-affecting-Enzyme-Activity/146 enzyme and substrate Simple image portraying proposed image for concentration (discussed in according factors). Mentioned as â€Å" picture of proposed investigation below' Temperature: All enzymes ave optimal temperatures, the temperature at which an enzyme produces the highest reaction rate for a specific reaction. The majority of enzymes in the human body works best at 37 Celsius degrees.This is because 37 degrees Celsius is the bodys internal temperature and enzymes such as catalase, have been adapted to work best at that certain temperature. Below the optimum temperature, substrates have little kinetic energy and fewer enter the active site to be catalyzed. However, as temperature increases towards the optimum, the substrates and enzymes gain more inetic energy and collide more often leading to a chemical reaction. When the temperature goes above the optimum, the bonds holding enzymes together also gain kinetic energy, increasing the speed at which they vibrate.This leads to the bonds breaking within the enzyme, making it change shape. This change in shape means that the active site is less complementary to the shape of the substrate, so that it is less likely to catalyse the reaction. Eventually, the enzyme will Decome denatured ana will no longer Tunctlon. I nen as temperature Increases more nzymes' molecules' active sites will become less complementary for the substrate molecules and then more enzymes will be denatured.This will decrease the rate of reaction. If I examined this factor, I would predict that the rate of reaction will peak at 37 degrees Celsius, as that is the optimum temperature of catalase. Also, as stated in the latter paragraph, increasing or decreasing the temperature from its optimum will lower the rate of reaction. Therefore, I should expect the data I collected to be similar of the graph below. Source 4: http://www. rsc. rg/Education/Teachers/Resources/cfb/ enzymes. tm PH: pH measures the acidity and basicity ofa solution. It is a measure of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration, and therefore a good indicator of the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration. It ranges from PHI to pH14. Lower pH values mean higher H + concentrations and lower OH- concentrations. Unlike the same optimal temperature for all enzymes that dwell in the human body (370c); the optimum pH varies for the enzymes. For example, the enzyme pepsin has an optimum pH of 2. 0 whereas catalase has an optimum of 7. 6.Enzymes in different locations have different Optimum pH values since their environmental conditions may be different. In this instance, pepsin operates most competently at pH 2 because it is commonly found in the stomach, where pH is low due to the presence of hydrochloric acid. Enzymes work in small ranges of pH values, so any change above or below the optimum will cause a sudden decrease in rate of reaction, since more of the enzyme molecules will have active sites whose shapes are not (or at least are less) complementary to the shape of their substrate.Small changes below or above the optimum, does not cause a permanent change to the enzymes since the bonds can be reformed. However, extreme changes in pH can cause enzymes to denature and permanently loose their function. When the pH is changed from the optimal of the certain enzyme, the H+ and OH- interfere with hydrogen and ionic bonds that hold together an enzyme, since they will be attracted or repelled by the charges created by the bonds. This interference causes a change in the shape of the enzyme and most importantly, the active site.